А.Н. Ткаченко (Мурманское территориальное управление по гидрометеорологии и

Анализ многолетних изменений внутригодового хода общего содержания озона (ОСО) в Мурманске за 1971-1998 гг. показывает отчётливо выраженную тенденцию к уменьшению ОСО с каждым 10-летием за исключением последнего года, характеризующегося сравнительно высоким содержанием атмосферного озона над Кольским полуостровом. Среднегодовое значение ОСО снизилось с 401 Д.е. в 1973 г. до 315 и 316 Д.е. в 1996 и 1997 годах соответственно, при абсолютном среднегодовом минимуме 309 Д.е. в 1993 г., однако в 1998 г. оно поднялось до 356 Д.е. Апрельский максимум ОСО снизился с 483 Д.е. в 1975 г. до 322 Д.е. в 1997 г., достигнув минимального значения за весь рассматриваемый период, но в 1998 г. он возрос и составил 442 .е. Октябрьский минимум ОСО снизился с 353 Д.е. в 1974 г. до 284 Д.е. в 1997 г., что, однако, превышает среднеоктябрьское значение 1991 года (243 Д.е.), а в 1998 г. он поднялся до 282 Д.е. Обработка озонометрических данных и сопоставление полей ОСО с термобарическими полями на различных изобарических поверхностях дают основание полагать, что вышеуказанные изменения связаны со структурой поля ОСО в границах различных типов воздушных масс, определяемых положением высотных фронтальных зон, разделяющих эти массы, в пределах которых ОСО меняется незначительно.

E.V. Kononovich (Moscow University Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia)

R.V. Smirnov (Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russia)

The current maximum of the long-term solar cycle known as a 80- 100 year period covers the recent 90-ies and coincides with the last highest 11-year cycles. The same pattern occurred for the previous 80-year cycle maxima in 1770 and 1850, when they coincided with the triads of high 11-year cycle maxima with numbers 2, 3, 4 and 8, 9, 10; in the same way there is a coincidence of series of the 11-year lowest maxima with 80-year minima at 1793 and 1894. The smoothed monthly mean W-values (since 1750) are considered to reveal different kinds of such triads. Their relation to meteorological cycle recognized by E. Bruckner (1890) is proved. The fine structures of deferent 11-year cycles are analyzed by means of MME-method. The frequencies of quasi-biannual cycle are revealed and considered.

A.I.Semenov, V.A. Sukhodoev (Institute of Atmospheric Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia)

Available data of the long-term observations (1960-1996) of the hydroxyl emission characteristics at Zvenigorod (56 N) and Abastumani (43 N) stations as well as published results obtained at mid-latitude stations have been analyzed.

In the development of the earlier accomplished studies of the temperature trends in the middle and upper atmosphere the estimation of the long-term changes of the temperature in mesopause region (87 km) for winter (December-January) and summer (June-July) seasons has been made. At first, all the calculated rotational temperatures, obtained from different rotation- vibration bands of the hydroxyl emission, have been reduced to fifth vibrational level. It is discovered, that the long-term temperature variations during winter period after the reduction to the solar activity F_10.7 = 130 and exception of 5.5-years variations can be represented by regression equation (230± 5)-(-0.92± 0.08)(t-1972) K, t standing for the year number.

The correlation coefficient is -0.94± 0.02. For summer conditions the value of the long-term temperature trend is approachng zero. The average value of the temperature for summer season (after the reduction of the solar activity F10.7 = 130 and exception of 5.5-years variations) is 164± 6K. For the minimum solar activity (F10.7 = 70) this summer value is 157 K (87 km).

The amplitudes and phases of the harmonics of the seasonal temperature variations have a distinct correlations with solar activity and they have long-term trends. When analysing the observed data, one should keep in mind that the deviations of the measurement temperatures regarding their monthly acerage values is about 20 K, while the error of the individual temperature measurements is not higher than 5 K. Thus, the most favourable conditions for the appearance of the noctilucent clouds (T<150 K) take place in just 15-20 % of the cases. The frequency of the occurrence of the noctilucent clouds is 25% during June-July. Therefore, the observed long-term growth of the appearance frequency of the noctilucent clouds indicates the increase of humidity at the heights of the upper atmosphere. This conclusion is in accordance with the growth of the contents in atmosphere of the atomic hydrogen and methane.

This work was supported by Russian Foundation of Fundamental Investigation (grant of N 98-05-64134).

N.N. Shefov, N.N. Pertsev, O.T. Yurchenko (Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia)

The long-term measurement data of the temperature at different heights of mesopause and lower thermosphere have been analysed. It is revealed that amplitude of temperature maximum at heights of 85-95 km has a seasonal and solar activity variations. The empirical model of the green emission 557.7 nm variations gives a possibility to create the altitudinal distributions of the atomic oxygen for various months and different solar activity levels: high (1989, F_10.7 = 214), middle (1992, F_10.7 = 130) and lower (1996, F_10.7 = 72). It is shown that there is a distinct correlation (0.96± 0.033) between the increments of the temperature and the atomic oxygen contents, which can be approximated by relationship D T(Z) = (38± 5) ln[(0.85± 0.06) N_hsa(Z)/N_lsa(Z)], K, where N_hsa(Z) and N_lsa(Z) are the concentrations of atomic oxygen at heights Z lower 95 km for high (hsa) and lower (lsa) solar activity, respectively. Comparison of characters of seasonal changes of the height of the atomic oxygen layer and the zonal gravity wave variance at the same heights, has revealed their similarities. According to the theoretical calculations of the energy influx by IGW at the heights near 100 km, a subsidence of the atomic oxygen layer occured.

In the end the excitation and relaxation of CO₂ molecules in collisions with atomic O is produced the important influence on the thermal regime of the lower thermosphere.

This work was supported by Russian Foundation of Fundamental Investigation (grant of N 98-05-64135).

Y.Y. Kulikov (Institute of Applied Physics, N. Novgorod)

The physical reason for variations of the polar stratospheric ozone can be the streams of charged particles, which result from high-power solar flares. The effect of energetic protons, 10 to 100 MeV, emitted by the sun during large solar flares is well documented. These events do cause significant ionization and ozone depletion at 50 km [1,2]. Although these events are not frequent and cannot influence the stratosphere continuously, they do contribute essentially during certain years to the total odd-nitrogen budget.

The paper reviews Arctic and Antarctic ozone density profile data, obtained by means of the ground-based microwave equipment. For the analysis we used data of long time microwave measurements of vertical ozone profiles (Heiss Isl. (80N, 58E) during deep polar night October-December 1988, February-March 1989 and on St. Mirny (67S, 93E) during the period of June-December 1989, January-February 1990). Besides, in order to estimate the effect of protons on the ozone, we have applied as well the data of long microwave observations at middle latitudes in N. Novgorod (56N, 44E) 1992-1993. For comparison of reaction of stratospheric ozone to solar activity we used satellite data GOES and IMP. We investigated variations of ozone at heights of 30-50 km during development of significant solar proton events (daily average fluxes ~100 MeV). Effects of the solar proton events on ozone values are much smaller than the observed changes.

[1] Heath, D.F., A.J. Krueger, and P.J. Crutzen, Solar proton events: Influence on stratospheric ozone, Science, 197, 886, 1977.

[2] C.H. Jackman, A.R. Douglass, R.B. Rood, and R.D. McPeters, Effect of solar proton events on the middle atmosphere during the past two solar cycles as computed using a two-dimensional model, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7417, 1990.

A.Yu. Karpechko, S.A. Roumiantsev, M.I. Beloglazov (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia)

Tropospheric ozone is transported from stratosphere where ozone is the most abundant, and is photochemically produced by oxidation of various ozone precursors at presence of nitrous oxides NOx. In the middle latitudes the major source of tropospheric ozone is photochemical in situ production, transport from stratosphere is the minor source. It’s assumed that in the high latitudes the most important source is stratosphere-troposphere exchange and photochemical production is smaller.

In the paper, ozone concentration data for high latitude sites Point Barrow (71⁰ N) for 1973-1996 and South Pole (90⁰ S) for 1975-1991 obtained from INTERNET are analyzed. The detailed analysis of annual variation of surface ozone concentration revealed that surface ozone concentration has maximum in winter and minimum in late summer or early autumn on both northern and southern hemispheric cites. Such ozone behavior is constituted with assumption that transport from stratosphere is the major source of ozone and photochemical in situ production is substantial only in the middle of summer. It’s known that stratosphere-troposphere exchange has maximum in winter and minimum in summer and increases with latitude. The monthly trends were calculated for Point Barrow (1973-1996) and South Pole (1974-1995). Steady decreasing of ozone concentration for South Pole for all months was revealed. Monthly trends for Point Barrow, however, show different behaviors for various months but annual averaged data show small increase of ozone. Variations due to destruction of ozone by bromoform in spring and due to photochemical production in summer increase relative to annual variation.

V.C. Roldugin, G.N. Nikulin and M.I. Beloglazov (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia)

The relativistic electron precipitation (REP) with energy about several MeV in the Earth atmosphere causes abnormal ionization at stratospheric heights 20 - 50 km, which can be registered with ground radiophysic devices, particularly, in the occurrence of wave-guided spreading of kilometer-length radiowaves (KLRW). To detect a possible effect of REP on the total ozone content (TOC), the eight power events were chosen on the data of KLRW trace Aldra - Apatity when the height of KLRW reflection was reduced to 34 - 40 km. The ozone data of TOMS for the whole globe were received from INTERNET. The difference between the mean TOC values for intervals 6 days before - 6 days after REP event was found for geographic meridian of the middle point of Alta - Apatity trace from the North pole to the equator, and for the same of the conjugated point in the southern hemisphere. It turned out that at high and middle latitudes this difference is negative, i.e. the ozone decreases after REP. Such effect was not observed on the equator.

In Arctic the ozone decrease after REP takes place only on the day side and is absent on the night side.

V.C. Roldugin¹, K. Henriksen², G.N. Nikulin¹

The wave-like character of the total ozone variations is revealed at Aral Sea and Karaganda in Middle Asia, and at Tromso and Murmansk in the Arctic. The waves have periods 15-25 days and amplitude about 20-30 DU. They appear practically every year, using data for 21 years when the ozone data did not contain too much gaps. During a year the periods in both regions coincide. By crosscorrelation analysis their movement was determined as eastward on both pairs of stations with the velocity of 11 deg/day. For one year it was possible to determine the zonal wave number which was equal 2.

Such wave-like ozone variations at Middle Asia were detected also in TOMS data. To find there connection with dynamic processes at high troposphere and low stratosphere, the changes of geopotential heights from 500 mbar and above were examined. The same periods are observed from 500 mbar till the tropopause. At upper levels the wave-like disturbances are fading away and higher than 70 mbar they are not seen. The total ozone content correlates negatively with heights of 500 mbar and of tropopause.

We connect the quasiperiodic ozone oscillations with wave movement in high troposphere near the tropopause. The crosscorrelation analysis shows that the waves moves eastward with velocity about 10-15 deg/day. When the ridge passes, the adiabatic ascending of the air occurs, which cause the convergent horizontal advection in high troposphere and the divergent one in low stratosphere. So the horizontal movements stimulate thickening of pure ozone air under the tropopause and scattering of rich ozone air over it, and the total decrease of the ozone takes place. During the trough passing, the inverse process occurs, and the total ozone increase.

M.I. Beloglazov, V.S. Belogolov, G.N. Nikulin, V.C. Roldugin (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia)

A.N. Tkachenko (Murmansk territorial department of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring)

In March 1998 Polar Geophysical Institute KSC RAS in Apatity started regular measurements of the total ozone content (TOC) with created by G.P. Gushchin device M-124, which was established as a standard one for all ozone net of the former USSR. Now on the territory of Murmansk region the measurements of TOC are carrying out with the devices of the same type M-124 in two points Murmansk and Apatity separated in direction north-south about 160 km.

The preliminary results of the comparison of data of both TOC measurements are given for the period from March till November 1998. The satellite measurements of TOC with European device GOME and American TOMS EP, obtained through INTERNET, are taken together for analysis.

The investigation has shown that as a rule the values of measurements in Murmansk and Apatity coincide in limits of mean instrumental error of 8%. However, the yearly averaged value in Apatity, 340 DU, is less to 5 DU than the same in Murmansk, 345 DU. The mean difference determined for the days with simultaneous measurement is equal to 6.5 DU with mean square deviation 19 DU and mean error 1.4 DU. This disparity is explained by the difference of the geographic latitudes of the observatories. Sometimes the difference exceeds 10%, it may be caused by local atmospheric inhomogeneities. The comparison of the ground data with TOMS spectrometer shows the difference of yearly mean values to be about 1%. In individual events the difference is about 10%. The TOC values from GOME coincide with ground-based and TOMS data only till the end of May. Further they are set low with our and TOMS data about of 4%.

R.V.Smirnov (Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russia)

E.V.Kononovich (Moscow University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Russia)

The correlation between the geomagnetic activity variations represented by the mean aa index and root-mean-square temperature anomalies in the low troposphere for the time interval 1874 - 1979 is considered over the period range 2 - 30 years. The data on temperature anomalies were used for the Polar Cap, and also for latitudes 65, 40 and 20 degrees. Frequency characteristics of the connections were obtained separately for January and July. The results have shown, that the high levels of connections are characteristic for the Polar cap and especially for the periods of quasi-biannual oscillations (QBO). The degrees of connection for QBO as a whole fall while one passes to moderate and low latitudes. A scenario of QBO excitation based on the increasing of the meridional circulation form recurrence is suggested. The important role is played by the areas of baroclynic instability of the troposphere as cites of the tropospheric reaction on the cyclic changes of the solar activity

S.Chernouss, M.Kuznetsova (Polar Geophysical institute, Apatity, Russia)

E.Vlassova (Hospital with Clinic of the Kola Science Centre of RAS, Apatity, Russia)

Results of two series of experiments on search of heart rate variability dependence on geomagnetic activity are under discussion. Cardiac measurements were carried out at the Polar Geophysical Institute and Hospital with Clinic of the Kola Science Centre by three types of heart rate variability recorders. Accompanied Geomagnetic and Auroral activity data were obtained at the Polar Geophysical Institute observatories in 1998-1999. Scientists and technicians of the Kola Science Centre have been measured as patients every day during two campaigns for about two months. Monitoring of heart rate variability with high temporal resolution also was done by several selected persons. Preliminary result is that it is possible to select the group of so called Auroral Disturbances Sensitive People. The basic parameters of the heart rate variability used in this selection are presented. Estimation of role of the Sympathic and Parasimpathetic nervous system in the responce of human organism on geomagnetic disturbances is under consideration.

E.A. Kasatkina, O.I. Shumilov (High-Latitude Geophysical Laboratory, St.-Petersburg Filial of IZMIRAN, Apatity, Russia)

E.V. Vashenyuk (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia)

O.M. Raspopov (SPbF IZMIRAN, St.Petersburg, Russia)

The influence of solar cosmic rays on ozone total content at high latitudes is investigated. It has been shown that solar protons could produce so-called ozone "miniholes" (decreases of ozone total content up to 25%) inside the polar caps. Such ozone "minihole" was detected above Spitsbergen during solar proton events of Ground Level Event (GLE) type in May 1990. It was shown that such ozone "miniholes" appeared in Arctic and Antarctic in local spring during several GLE-events (29 September 1989, 19 October 1989, 21-27 May 1990).

The results of model calculations have shown that ordinary gas phase photochemical theory can not explain appearance of ozone total content depletions during GLE events. A possible trigger mechanism including ion nucleation and heterogeneous chemistry is discussed. Lidar measurements at Kola peninsula and model calculations of aerosol concentration enhancement after some GLE events seem to support the trigger influence of solar protons on stratospheric aerosols and ozone layer.

This work was supported by RFBR (project 97-05-65510), EC by INCO-COPERNICUS Programme (project EXTRATERRESTRIAL, No IC 15-CT 98-0123), and by INTAS (project 93-3248 ext).

O.M. Raspopov, O.I. Shumilov, E.A. Kasatkina (SPbF IZMIRAN, St.-Petersburg, Russia)

G.N.Petrova (Institute of Terrestrial Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia)

V.A. Dergachev (Physical-Technical Institute of RAS, St.-Petersburg, Russia)

K.Creer (Departament of Geology and Geophysics, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK)

A link between geomagnetic dipole value M/Mo (Mo- modern value of geomagnetic dipole) change and surface temperature variations for the last 12 000 years was analysed. The changes of geomagnetic dipole was traced by the way of paleoarchaeological data (up to 8 000 years B.P.) and sediments data generalization (from 8 000 to 12 000 years B.P.). As the climate trend were used temperature dependences on core data both in Northern and Southern hemispheres and as well on the analysis of palinological data and glacier development. Curve of connection between M/Mo changes and temperature T ones demonstrate practically linear dependence under M less than 0.5-0.6 Mo. In the case increase of M corresponds to surface temperature increase. Under further growth of M, above mentioned dependence begins to weaken and at M equal or more than Mo increase of temperatures is practically stopped. T(M) curve obtained taking into account its configuration looks like the curve of cosmic ray intensity changes in the atmosphere under geomagnetic field intensity changes. Taking into consideration the conclusions concerning cosmic ray action modulated by solar activity on the optical properties and radiation balance in the atmosphere one can make an inference that connection between surface temperatures and geomagnetic field changes in Holocene have got physical nature.

This work was supported by RFBR (project 97-05-65510), EC by INCO-COPERNICUS Programme (project EXTRATERRESTRIAL, No IC 15-CT 98-0123), and by INTAS (project 93-3248 ext).

O.I. Shumilov, E.A. Kasatkina (High-latitude Geophysical Lab. of St. Petersburg Filial of IZMIRAN, Apatity, Russia)

O.M. Raspopov (St.Petersburg Filial of IZMIRAN, St.Petersburg, Russia)

J. Kangas (Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, FIN-99600 Sodankyla, Finland)

V.A. Dergachev (Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, St.Petersburg, Russia)

The solar variability action on the climate is analyzed on the basis of the physical mechanism suggested by the authors. The general idea of the mechanism supported by experimental, model and theoretical studies: the variations of stratospheric aerosol concentration under the influence of cosmic (galactic and solar) ray fluxes modulated by solar activity. Taking into account the pronounced cyclic variation of galactic cosmic ray intensity it is demonstrated that the linear dependence between mean surface temperatures (D T) and solar activity (sunspot number W) takes place. On the basis of the physical mechanism suggested it is possible to interpret the well-known dependence of surface temperatures on solar cycle duration when during longer cycles lower temperatures were observed and during shorter cycles - the higher ones. On the much longer time-scale of hundreds of thousands of years, (i.e. periods of glaciation), the pattern of temperature variations inferred from oxygen isotope studies of Arctic and Antarctic ice cores seem to follow variations in cosmic ray flux which are inferred from measurements of the variations of concentration of the cosmogenic isotope Be. On the base of physical mechanism suggested the temperature decrease during the “Little Ice Age” is explained.

This work was supported by RFBR (project 97-05-65510), EC by INCO-COPERNICUS Programme (project EXTRATERRESTRIAL, No IC 15-CT 98-0123), and by INTAS (project 93-3248 ext).

V.R. Tagirov (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia)

V.A. Arinin (Russian Federal Nuclear Center, Sarov, Russia)

A. Pajunpää (Finnish Meteorological Institute, Fin-00101, Helsinki, Finland)

U. Brändströ m (Swedish Institute of Space Physics, S-981 28, Kiruna, Sweden)

We present the results of observations of artificial optical effects in the atmosphere, which were made mainly by means of all-sky cameras in the North-Western Russia, Finland and Scandinavia. There were six of them observed during 10 years observations simultaneously from two or three stations and five more from single stations. One of the cases was registered by TV camera at Heiss Island (Frantz-Joseph Land) and those observations allowed make assumptions on the volumetrical shape of the phenomena. It was accepted to have torus-like form rather than spherical and the luminosity was caused by Rayleigh scattering of sunlight by particles which formed gas and dust cloud during the launch of a rocket. The possibility of observations of such type phenomena very much depends on sunlight conditions, direction of launch trajectory and weather conditions. Observations from several points permitted to make triangulation measurements. It was shown that all observed phenomena had both common and original features. The range of altitudes of luminosity at different cases varied from 230 to 1080 km. The clouds represented rapid horizontally expanding circular objects with velocity of front edge propagation equal to 3-7 km/s. Diametrical sizes of highest luminous clouds exceeded 1600 km at later stages of their development. Five of six phenomena, which sizes were measured by triangulation procedure, most likely were caused by launches from Plesetsk rocket range, near Arkhangelsk in North-Western region of Russia.

V.Budoviy, V.Medvedev, S.Horozov (Firm HSoft Ltd, Kaliningrad, Russia)

V.Belogolov (Polar Georhisical Institute, Murmansk, Russia)

It was assumed that types of atmosphere general circulation (macroweather types) change cyclically. The carried out investigations have allowed to find such cycles of macroweather types (series of consecutive changing of macroweather types during warm and cold half-year), which allow to predict weather on the account of solar-terrestrial connections. It has appeared, that each type of macroweather consists of the relevant microcycles (iterating sequence of the changing of synoptical periods with rather homogeneous weather). The macroweather types and synoptical periods in the constructed model are identified with the help of the special parameter, entered into the forecasting technique, - "deficiency of temperature rating".

The forecasting technique is implemented in the program, using a computer. The program uses archive of meteorological measurings for adaptation to specific territory. The program makes weather forecast for the necessary term (several months) for a point or region with homogeneous climatic conditions.