Total ozone decrease in Murmansk after REP events
V.C. Roldugin, M.I. Beloglazov (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Murmansk reg., Russia)
G.F. Remenets (Institute of Radiophysics, University of St.-Petersburg, Russia)
Eight events of relativistic electron precipitations (REP) with the energies more than 300 keV are identified from the data of VLF 10-14 kHz monitoring along Aldra (Norway) - Apatity (Kola peninsula) radio trace. In these cases the anomalous ionization lower 55-50 km occurred without disturbing the higher layer of the ionosphere. The daily total ozone values in Murmansk for time intervals of six days before and six days after the REP events are compared. In 7 of 8 events the decrease of the total ozone about 20 DU is observed. In one event of 25 March 1986 the mean total ozone value for six days before the REP is bigger than one for six days after, but it is the case of extremely high rise of the ozone on 144 DU during six days. However, on 3-4th day there was a minimum about 47 DU with regard to REP's day, so this case also confirms the conception about the ozone decrease after REP. In Leningrad any significant difference between mean ozone values before and after REP is absent for these 8 events. The ozone minimum takes place on 3 - 4th day after REP event.
The effect of the first Shumann resonance decrease caused by relativistic solar protons during the event of November 6, 1997
V.C. Roldugin, A.N. Vasiljev, E.V. Vashenyuk (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity)
The count rate increase caused by relativistic solar protons from the powerful solar flare 2B/X9.3, heliocoordinates S18 W63 has been registered by the neutron monitor in Apatity on November 6, 1997. The start of X-ray burst began at 11.55 and maximized at 13h 30m UT The solar protons with energy >450 Mev and maximal intensity of 10 percent of the background were registered in Apatity between 12.20 and 20.00 UT. It was the first GLE (Ground Level Enhancement) in the just having began 23rd cycle of solar activity. The variations of the first Shumann resonance frequency for this case have been investigated by an experimental array in the Lovozero observatory. Two horizontal components of magnetic field oscillations in the diapason 1-10 Hz were digitized with a step of 0.05s. The treatment of data included the spectra calculations by FFT method using two minute intervals, approximation of the spectral diapason from 5.5 to 9.5 Hz by a Gaussian with 4 unknown parameters, determination the frequency at the Gaussian peak, and formation of temporal variation of this frequency. The pronounced frequency decrease for 0.1 Hz coinciding in time with the maximal enhancement of count rate of the neutron monitor has been observed. The reliability of the effect was confirmed by comparison of the diurnal frequency variations for November 6 with the diurnal variations for days before and after the event.
Changes of atmospheric transparency in high latitudes during the solar cycle
V.C. Roldugin and G.V. Starkov (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Murmansk region, Russia)
The atmospheric spectral transparency variations in six wavelengths from 344 to 628 nm, averaged on eight Soviet stations between 69 N and 55 N, have been compared with the Wolf numbers (WN). The data were taken for the season interval May-August during the period 1972-1989. Good negative correlation about -0.8 is found. Insignificant correlation is found for the transparency variations for stations situated to the south from the 50 N latitude. The correlation coefficients between aerosol extinction in the same spectral bands and WN are equal to those for the transparency with the opposite sign. It shows that the reason of the transparency changes is the aerosol density variations during the solar cycle. The best correlation with WN for both transparency and aerosol extinction at northern stations occurs for the time shift about 6 months for WN ahead of optical parameters. The connection of transparency and aerosol with cosmic ray data in Apatity is examined also. It has an opposite sign than for WN, smaller values and improbable shift of transparency ahead of cosmic ray intensity. The relative changes of the transparency during a solar cycle may be appreciated as 5-10%.
Experimental evidence of climate cooling during period of low solar activity and geomagnetic excursion around 2800 BP
O.M. Raspopov, O.I. Shumilov, E.A. Kasatkina (SPbF IZMIRAN, P.O. Box 188, St.-Petersburg, 191023, Russia, E-mail: oleg@omr.izmi.ras.spb.ru)
V.V. Kochegura (Russian Geological Institute, St.-Petersburg, Russia)
V.A. Dergachev (Physical-Technical Institute of RAS, St.-Petersburg, Russia)
B. van Geel (The Netherlands Centre for Geo-ecological Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
J. van der Plicht (Centre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands)
H. Renssen (The Netherlands Centre for Geo-ecological Research, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
Terrestrial, marine, and ice core data recently obtained demonstrate sharp climatic changes during the warm interglacial period of the last 11,500 years. Moreover, a 2300 - 2400 years periodicity in the development of the most sharp climatic variation was recorded. This periodicity is consistent with a secular solar activity fluctuation. One of such events took place between 2800 and 2600 BP (conventional radiocarbon age). Analysis of the geophysical situation has shown that at 2800 - 2600 BP a unique combination of external factors (solar activity, cosmic ray enhancement and geomagnetic field excursion) took place which together forced abrupt climate change. At that time a deep minimum of the 2400 years solar activity cycle occurred. During this minimum of solar irradiation, cosmic ray enhancement took place. In addition, between 2800 - 2600 BP a noticeable excursion of the geomagnetic field occurred. During this excursion the geomagnetic field intensity was decreased by three times, which also will have led to cosmic ray flux increase. Actually this situation was reflected in a sharp increase of the atmospheric 14C concentration. Some experimental data recently observed demonstrate that the galactic cosmic ray intensity influences optical properties and the radiation balance of the atmosphere. The evidence indicates that cosmic ray enhancement leads to a global temperature decrease. Thus the sharp temperature decrease observed around 2800 BP could have been caused by a cumulation of external geophysical factors: solar activity decrease, solar irradiation decrease connected to less solar activity, and a weaker geomagnetic field intensity. These factors led to a solar radiation decrease near the Earth surface and thus created conditions for sharp climatic cooling.
Stratospheric warming and ozone in the polar latitudes
A.A. Krasilnikov, Y.Y. Kulikov, V.G. Ryskin (Nizhny Novgorod, Institute of Applied Physics)
Sudden stratospheric warming is describing as the dynamic phenomena in the atmospheric circulation, which has the characteristic like a significant temperature increase (more than on 50C during 10 days) at altitudes above 20 km. The evolution of warming influences particularly greater upon the condition of the middle atmosphere at high latitudes [1,2]. Besides, the warming is accompanying by the growth of the ozone concentration on heights of the mean and upper stratosphere (see, for instance, [3]).
In the last decade in studies of ozone layer won general recognition method of ground-based microwave diagnostics of the middle atmosphere. It has of the advantages in comparison with traditional methods of ozone measurements in optical and infrared ranges. The observations of the stratospheric ozone by means of a millimeter wave spectrometers allow continuously to mark for O3 behaviour at the heights more than 20 km. With this technique, observations do not depend on sunlight, and may be conducted through moderately thick higher cloud cover, and are not significantly affected by aerosols.
At present we have the long rows of the stratospheric ozone microwave data both polar latitudes and middle latitudes. We carried out ѕ3 observations during the stratospheric wa
rming at Isl. Heiss (80N, 58E) February 1989, at Antarctica station Mirni (67N, 93E) October 1989 and in Sweden, Kiruna (68N, 20E) January-February 1995. It will be noted that first two series of the observations were executed during a several months. During warming a concentration of ozone on heights from 20 to 40 km increased in several times in comparison with the undisturbed stratospheric conditions (Isl. Heiss, st. Mirni). The ozone concentrations grew at heights has occurred practically simultaneously. In Kiruna's observations the time delay (2-3 day) of ozone density variations was detected at 25 km level with regard to 40 km level. Analysis of ozone behaviours during sudden stratospheric warming revealed one peculiarity of changing the ozone condition above 20 km at high latitudes in contrast with middle latitudes. Sudden stratospheric warming at polar latitudes seems to be a threshold after that O3 content in atmospheric column above 20 km grow to a considerable extent.[1] Barnett J.J., K. Labitzke, Planetary waves-Handbook for MAP, v. 16, pp. 138-143, 1985.
[2] Whiteway J.A., A.I. Carswell, Rayleigh lidar observation of thermal structure and gravity-wave activity in the high Arctic during a stratospheric warming, J. Atmos. Sci., v. 51, no. 21, pp. 3122-3136, 1994.
[3] Hilsenrath E., Rocket observations of the vertical distribution of ozone in the polar night and during a mid-winter stratospheric warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 7, no. 8, pp. 581-584, 1980.
An 11-year solar cycle and wintertime variability of total ozone over northern Europe
B.E. Soukharev, I.V. Gorodetskaya (Department of Climatology, St.Petersburg State University, 10 linia, 33, 199178, St.Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: boris@seb.usr.pu.ru)
Using the monthly mean data of total ozone in months from December to March for the period 1957-1995 for nine stations of Northern Europe the influence of an 11-year sunspot cycle on the ozone variations is investigated. Direct correlation between the Wolf numbers and the monthly means of total ozone over Northern Europe is very weak and close to zero. However, correlation analysis conducted on the condition that the data are divided according to the westerly (W) and easterly (E) QBO phases shows that there are positive (negative) correlation between the ozone and the solar activity during the W (E) QBO phases. The highest correlation are obtained for February (r = 0,63 and r = -0,59 for the W and E QBO phases respectively). Simple regression analysis shows that the influence of the 11-year solar cycle makes 1,1%, 7,4%, 35,2% and 35,6 % of interannual variability of total ozone over Northern Europe in months from December to March for the W phase. For the E phase of the QBO this influence makes respectively 1,7%, 2,4%, 36,0% and 8,7% of the ozone variability. For the explanation of the revealed Solar - QBO - Ozone connection the simple regression analysis between the indexes of intensity of meridional stratospheric (30 hPa) circulation over Northern Europe and the sunspot numbers is conducted. Regression model shows the similar dependencies as at the analysis of the Solar - Ozone relationship. As regression models applied for the ozone and for the indexes of stratospheric circulation over Northern Europe demonstrate similar results then it may be supposed that the Solar - Ozone relationship is executed through the Solar - Stratospheric Dynamics relationship.
Upper atmosphere research at the Vernadsky Antarctic Station
G.P. Milinevsky (Kiev Tarasa Shevchenko University Physical Department, Acad Glushkov Ave 6 252022 Kiev Ukraine; Ukrainian Antarctic Center Schorsa St 31 252133 Kiev Ukraine)
The research possibilities in the field of the Upper Atmosphere physics at the Antarctic station Vernadsky (former Faraday Base) are discussed. The station was taken over by Ukraine 6 February 1996. British Antarctic Survey transfered to the Ukrainian Antarctic Center the equipment for Upper Atmosphere and other investigations in order to continue the data rows started from 1957. For the geospace study there are the analogue ionosonde equipment, the magnetometeres, the broadband VLF-receivers, and the equipment for Trimpi-effect studying. The further development of the research is proposed in the current and retrospective study of the ionospheric effects over Vernadsky caused by the disturbances in the conjugate region and the investigation of the SAR-arcs. This work is going to be done on the base of the digitizing ionosonde, the installation of a modern magnetometers, modifying of HF-receivers.
Atmosphere-ionosphere discharge on November 30 1997
S.I. Musatenko, A.S. Slipchenko (Astronomical Observatory Kyiv State University)
O.I. Maksymenko, V.I. Moskaluk (National Space Agency of Ukraine, Ukraine)
During anomalous intensive ice corn falling near Kyiv (L ~ 2.1) on November 30 1997 radio noise bursts, thunder and several unusual peculiarities in ionosphere were registered. Duration of this phenomenon was about 1 hour. Main events in ionosphere took place after most power discharge at 19.04 LT with intensive radioburst and thunder. Clouds like structure in Es and unusual reflection from Es and F2 appeared. As far as such peculiarities in ionosphere are very rare and they are absent in ionograms on control days we concluded that we observed discharges cloud-ionosphere.
About of surface ozone content at Apatity and on the White sea coast
М.I. Beloglazov, A.A. Ermak, G.N. Nikulin, S.A. Roum
yantsev(Polar Geophysical Institute, Fersman st.,14, Apatity, Murmansk reg., 184200 Russia)
Dependence of surface ozone variation from meteorological parameters is considered in terms of measurements at Apatity (the central region of the Kola peninsula) and Kovda on the White Sea coast (in the south of the Murmansk region). The measurements were carried out from 25 May till 24 June 1996. Recordings of data were performed 4 times a day (00, 06, 12 and 18 Moscow Time). Analysis of the measurement results showed that the average diurnal variation of ozone content [O3] in surface layer of atmosphere on the White Sea coast is similar to the analogous variation at Apatity. Besides correlation coefficients between Kovda and Apatity are 0.90 for the average diurnal variations of [O3] and 0.76 for the daily average values of [O3]. Correlation between relative humidity and [O3] is negative both at Apatity and at Kovda. However pronounced differences between Kovda and Apatity were detected in some parameters. Firstly maximum of [O3] is observed at Apatity about at 12 UT whereas at Kovda the same is about at 17 UT, in other words for 5 hours later. The effect maybe is explained by influence of two factors, namely: by breeze circulation and by reduction of ozone destruction on sea surface in comparison with land. Secondly absolute average value of [O3] at Kovda is less than at Apatity (about twice). Probable cause of this phenomenon is bromine compounds discharge by seaweed.
On connection of ozone and nitrogen oxides in the atmospheric surface layer of Apatity
M.I.Beloglazov, AYu.Karpechko, G.N.Nikulin, S.A.Roumyantsev
(Polar Geophysical Institute, Fersman St.,14, Apatity, Murmansk reg., 184200, Russia)
Nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 are amongst the basic components of the atmospheric pollution. They are transformed each other with participation of ozone and peroxy radicals in the atmosphere. The observations of NO, NO2 and O3 were carried out in Apatity during autumn 1997 for studying the connection between these components. These observations were executed in condition of nitrogen oxides high content (on arterial roads with intensified traffic) by the chemiluminescent analysers of ozone and nitrogen oxides installed at the car . The measurements were made from the end of September to the middle of November. Results of 15 such measurements are used at this work. Content of NOX = NO + NO2 was
Ј 80 m g / m3 and that for O3 was Ј 25 ppb during the measurements.
These observations have two basic results. Firstly high correlation between inverse content of nitrogen oxides and ozone content ([O3]
Ы 1/[NOX]) was detected, correlation coefficient is 0.66. Secondly NO2 content grows rapidly with increasing NO content up to [NO2] value ~ 15 - 20 m g/m3 and then grows slowly under increasing NO content up to ~ 60 m g/m3. This behaviour can be explained by the basic role playing of O3 at the transformation NO to NO2 at this condition.
Изменение общего содержания атмосферного озона в Мурманске за период 1971- 1997 гг.
В.С. Белоголов (Полярный геофизический институт, Мурманск)
Анализ многолетних изменений внутригодового хода общего содержания озона (ОСО) в г.Мурманске за 1971–1997 гг. показывает отчетливо выраженную тенденцию к уменьшению ОСО с каждым 10–летием. Среднегодовые значения ОСО снизились с 401 Д.е. в 1973 г. до 315 и 316 Д.е. в 1996 и 1997 годах соответственно, при абсолютном среднегодовом минимуме 309 Д.е. в 1993 г. Апрельский максимум ОСО снизился с 483 Д
.е. в 1975 г. до 322 Д.е. в 1997 г., достигнув минимального значенияза весь рассматриваемый период, а октябрьский минимум ОСО снизился с 353 Д.е. в 1974 г. до 284 Д.е. в 1997 г., что, однако, превышает среднеоктябрьское значение в 1991г. (243 Д.е.). Обработка озонометрических данных в обсерватории Лопарская и сопоставление полей ОСО с термобарическими полями на различных изобарических поверхностях дают основание полагать, что вышеуказанные изменения связаны со структурой поля ОСО в границах различных типов воздушных масс, определяемых положением высотных фронтальных зон, разделяющих эти массы, в пределах которых ОСО меняется незначительно.
Об использовании величины общего содержания атмосферного озона в прогнозировании тропосферных и стратосферных потеплений
В.С. Белоголов (Полярный геофизический институт, Мурманск)
Л.А. Коваленко (Мурманское территориальное управление по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды)
На основе анализа данных температурно-ветрового зондирования атмосферы на аэрологической станции Мурманск (22113) и сопоставления их с общим содержанием атмосферного озона (ОСО) за период 1971–1992 гг. по данным обработки в обсерватории Лопарская выявлена асинхронная связь между изменениями ОСО и температуры на изобарических поверхностях
500, 300, 200 и 100 гПа. Найденная зависимость может быть использована для прогноза тропосферных и стратосферных изменений температуры в Арктическом регионе, связанных с продвижением различных типов воздушных масс, характеризуемых определенными значениями ОСО.
Height and temperature variations of hydroxyl layer in mountain lee region of mesopause
V.A. Sukhodoev (Institute of Atmospheric Physics of RAS, 109017, Moscow, Pyzhevsky per.,3, Russia)
Results of long-term measurements of hydroxyl emission characteristics around Caucasus have allowed to install that in leeward mesopausal area having place an increasing a rotational temperature inwardly layer (delta Tr ~ 10-15 K) stipulated by lowering emissive layer (delta z ~ 1-1,5 km), revealed as of vibrational temperature measurements (delta Tv ~ 1000-1500 K). Observed amplitudes of disturbances have a well-marked nonlinear correlation at the velocity of winds on the mountain relief on heights near 4 km. Observed increasing a temperature of emission of atomic oxygen 630 nm as around Caucasus (delta T ~ 200 K), so and on Andes (delta T ~ 200-500 K in Peru), as well as intensities on Ural (~ 20%) and Hawaiian Islands (~ 10%) obviously have a general nature. This means that under detailed consideration of photochemical processes in upper atmosphere it is necessary to take a geographical under investigation area localization into account.
Disturbances of mesopause and lower thermosphere by local meteorological formations, generating the internal gravity waves
V.A. Sukhodoev, A.I. Semenov (Institute of Atmospheric Physics of RAS,109017,Moscow, Pyzhevsky per., 3, Russia. meso@omega.ifaran.ru)
It is known that the sources of internal gravity waves in the troposphere are as meteorological fronts and cyclones, as mountain formation, at the interaction with which airstreams appear gusts of wind, generating wave trains. Under their penetration in upper atmosphere on heights 90-100 km takes place not only a modulation of emission layers, as well as dissipation of waves occurs. Because of these processes homogeneity of structure of atmosphere is broken, and appearing spottiness has a casual spatial distribution in consequence of motion meteorological formations and chaotic location of mountain formation on surfaces of the Earth. Such reasons of spottiness allows to draw a conclusion that attempts of creating of adaptive theoretical atmospheric models on the base of collation of results of the calculation with given casual during and space of rocket and satellite measurements can not ensure a satisfactory consent and reproducibility of results. As far as defined, besides regular behaviour of the atmospheric parameters exists a broad spectrum of chaotic disturbances, contribution which can be not precalculated.
Long-term variations of mean annual temperature distributions with height in mesopause and lower thermosphere at middle latitudes
A.I. Semenov and N.N. Shefov (Institute of Atmospheric Physics of RAS, Pyzhevsky per., 3, 109017, Moscow, Russia. meso@omega.ifaran.ru/Fax: +7-095-9531652)
Long-term variation data of mean-annual temperatures at middle latitudes at heights from 30 to 100 km during 1955-1995 are a base for creation of mean-annual temperature distribution with height in mesopause and lower thermosphere for above-mentioned period. It is has been revealed that there are the distinct regularity of its variations according to solar activity. The temperature maximum near 90 km occurring for higher solar activity conditions is an important peculiarity of these temperature profiles. There were habitual deep temperature minimums in mesopause during minimum solar activity. This temperature and its height in mesopause had nonlinear long-term decrease from 197 K to 177 K and from 94 km to 82 km, respectively, during period from 1955 to 1995. Mean rates of these depressions were -0.5 K/yr and -0.3 km/yr, respectively. Amplitude (up to 20-25 K) of temperature maximum at height near 90 km showed evident correlation with F10.7. The height of temperature maximum has negative long-term trend about -0.1 km/yr. The difference of temperatures in minima, taking places lower (75-80 km) and higher (97 km) of maximum near 90 km, had evident correlation with solar activity F10.7 and had systematically decreased with rate about -0.7 K/yr. The height of isothermic level of 250 K near 55-60 km has a clear-cut trend -0.12 km/yr. The height of isothermic level of 200 K in mesopause region has positive correlation with the solar activity level. It has trend about -0.4 km/yr near 70-80 km and about 0.4 km/yr near 90 km.
Peculiarities of the spatial distribution of ground level temperature dispersion at high latitudes
P.V. Kishcha, l.V. Dmitrieva, V.A. Telegin (Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142092, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia)
High latitudinal peculiarities in the global distribution of the ground-level temperature dispersion have been investigated on the basis of the monthly mean temperature anomalies from 1896 to 1990. There are three pronounced maxima in the global distribution of temperature dispersion: in the Central Siberia (60°
Ј j Ј 75°N and 70°Ј l Ј 120°E), North America (60°Ј j Ј 75°N and -170°Ј l Ј -120°E). The spatial pattern of the ground-level temperature dispersion is, on the whole, stable, with the zones of extrema practically not changing their position during a long time interval. These results could be explained by the combined effect of solar activity and ocean. Long-term variations of the Siberian maximum of the ground-level temperature dispersion agree with the changing duration of sunspot cycle better than with the sunspot numbers. This fact indicates that the length of solar cycle may be more representative for climate investigation.
Helio-Geophysical activity display in the atmospheric regions of instability
E.V. Kononovich (Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Moscow University, 119899 Moscow, Russia)
R.V. Smirnov (Institute of Aplied Geophysics of Russian Federal Service for hydrometeorology and environment monitoring, 129128 Moscow, Russia)
The frequency characteristics of the relationship between helio-geomagnetical activity (F 10.7 and Ap indices) and surface pressure (P) variations have been analysed in tropospheric regions of instability over Baltic and Kamchatka regions. Winter seasons during two solar activity cycle maxima and two minima have been considered to obtain coherency and phase characteristics. The coherency values for period 24 days for the F10.7-P and the Ap-P relation ships have been estimated for several maximal and minimal epochs. The obtained results support the conception about significance of the regions of instability in the troposphere for the solar activity influence on the atmosphere.
Middle atmosphere is a regulator of global climatic changes of the Earth's atmosphere under solar activity influence
E.V. Kononovich, N.N. Shefov (Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University.119899, Moscow, Universitetsky prosp.,13, Russia. k
onon@sai.msu.su, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of RAS, 109017, Moscow, Pyzhevsky per., 3, Russia. meso@omega.ifaran.ru)
A new mechanism of the long-term changes of global climate caused by the variation of dynamic wave transparency of the middle atmosphere due to solar activity influence is suggested. Generally, considering the climate variation problem it is taken into account that the energetic balance of the lower atmosphere is defined only by the influence of processes regulating the solar energy influx into the troposphere. However, the sink of energy by via dynamic wave processes, generated in active tropospheric meteorological regions, is also important or energy balance of the lower atmosphere. Atmospheric waves with periods from tens of minutes till tens of days are propagating through the middle atmosphere (20-80 km) up to turbopause (about 100-110 km). Here they transmit the most part of their energy to the upper atmosphere by dissipation causing turbulence and airflows. The resulting thermal energy is transported downward by conductivity. Further it transfers into infrared radiation of CO2 molecules at 15 mcm escaping the atmosphere. The middle atmospheric wind regime at 50-90 km heights changes together with the solar activity because of UV solar radiation absorption. On the other hand this regime determines the dynamical wave transparency. The mean global change of temperature of the lower atmosphere by 1 K at the quite Sun period of time may be occurred during the time interval about 100 years. Such effect has been observed during the Maunder minimum period (1645-1715). It is interesting to note that the regular ground temperature variation with amplitudes about 0.1-0.2 K were revealed by the long-term (over the last 30 years) temperature measurements in Zaire (Equatorial Africa). These variations turned to have a rather good correlation with the solar activity during the 11-year cycle variations.
Measurements of hydroxyl emission rotational temperature by digital infrared spectrometer
P.P. Ammosov, G.A. Gavrilyeva (Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, Yakutsk)
Digital infrared spectrometer for the measurement of hydroxyl emission rotational temperature and the study of the wavelike processes in the mesopause (altitude near 87 km) was created on the base of spectrometer MDR-2 and CCD-camera with interface on the personal computer. A rotational temperature of the hydroxyl molecular band is calculated by least-square fitting of the modelled spectrum, which is obtained by convolving the pure emission spectrum with the spectrometer bandpass to the experimental one. Estimated temperature measurement error is 2-5 degree K. The results of the of the OH(3,0) molecular band registration (wavelength region 980-990 nm) and its rotational temperature taken during January-February 1998 over optical station Maimaga (geograph. latitude - 62 N, longitude - 129 E) are presented.
Observation of the wave patterns over Yakutia by all-sky imager
P.P. Ammosov, G.A. Gavrilyeva (Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, Yakutsk)
Wave structures interpreted as propagated internal gravity waves were registered by a new all-sky imager. Imager measured OH airglow over optical station Maimaga (geograph. latitude - 62 N, longitude - 129 E) during January-February 1998. High quality "Fish eye" lens and spatial resolution using CCD (374x242 pixels) give the image sequence suitable for the study of the wave parameters. Previous analysis shows that in most case wave patterns propagated to the south-east.
High luminosity Fabry-Perot spectrometer for studythe upper atmosphere temperature and dynamics
V.M. Ignatyev, S.V. Nikolashkin (Institute of Cosmophysical Research & Aeronomy, 31, Lenin ave., 677891, Yakutsk, Russia)
New high luminosity Fabry-Perot spectrometer for a upper atmosphere temperature and dynamics studies on airglow emissions with piezoelectric scanning and computer control and digital signal processing is presented. The interferometric plate's diameter is 150 mm, the separation - 12 mm. The instrument width is 0.0015 nm. The preliminary Doppler temperature measurement results near Yakutsk on 557.7 nm [OI] airglow with 15 s exposition time per step are presented.
Интерферометры Фабри-Перо и измерение параметров термосферы
Н.Н. Богданов, В.А. Галахов, С.В. Леонтьев (Полярный геофизический институт, Апатиты)
При измерениях температуры и ветров на ст. Ловозеро один из интерферометров Фабри-Перо переведен на регистрацию интерференционной картины с помощью ПЗС матрицы (ST-7). В этом случае пластины интерферометра разделены кварцевым разделителем и неподвижны относительно друг друга, что существенно уменьшает зависимость от температуры и увеличивает стабильность работы прибора. Интерферометр при этом совмещает в себе достоинства как фотографической, так и фотоэлектронной регистрации. Опытная эксплуатация показала, что чувствительность интерферометра на ПЗС матрице практически не хуже чувствительности прибора, использующего ФЭУ и сканирование профиля эмиссии с помощью пьезокерамики. Измерения температуры термосферы по допплеровской ширине эмиссии 557.7 нм показали, что последняя, оставаясь примерно постоянной в течение ночи, испытывает значительные (до 100о К) флуктуации длительностью 20-40 минут. Предполагалось, что такое поведение связано не с реальным изменением температуры на фиксированной высоте, а с изменением высоты области излучения эмиссии 557.7 нм. Используя измеренное с помощью сканирующего фотометра отношение интенсивностей эмиссий 427.8/630.0, по модели Сергиенко и стандартной модели атмосферы MSIS-86, было рассчитано поведение высоты области излучения эмиссии 557.7 нм и, соответственно, температуры термосферы
на данной высоте. Сопоставление поведения измеренной и рассчитанной температур показывает достаточно хорошее качественное подобие, подтверждающее, что измеренные вариации температуры отражают не временные, а пространственные изменения.
Attempts of direct estimation of geliogeophysical activity & environment influence on human health: equipment, methods & preliminary results
S. Chernouss, M. Kuznetsova (Polar Geophysical Institute of KSC RAS, Apatity, 184200 Russia)
Yu. Fedorenko (Institute of North Ecological Problems of KSC RAS, Apatity, 184200 Russia)
T. Galtsova, E. Vlassova (The Kola Science Centre Hospital, Apatity, 184200 Russia)
The report consists of description of ideology, methods and equipment to measure the response of human being to some outdoor factors first of all geliogeophysical disturbances weather and environment conditions. The main idea is to monitor real measuring parameters characterized adaptive power of human organism instead of statistical studies to compare ones with external conditions. The way to obtain information about adaptation function of human being is real time measurements of cardiac rhythm parameters.
In the Polar Geophysical Institute was created local centre of cardiac measurements with three different types of devices. First one is photosensor for measuring on consequence of R-R intervals. Second one is "Cardiotester" which permit us to measure and estimate both cardiogram & R-R intervals consequence. And third device is "Polar R-R meter" which permit to carry out monitoring of cardiac rhythm during 24 hours. Description of the first experiment in 1997-1998 is done. First results show that some people are react to the Auroral disturbances in the North, but other ones do not react to them. The experiment with Auroral disturbances depended people will be continued.
Suicide risk dependence on geliogeophysical activity
S. Chernouss, V. Roldugin (Polar Geophysical Institute of KSC RAS, Apatity, 184200 Russia)
E. Vlassova (The Kola Science Centre Hospital & Clinic, Apatity, 184200 Russia)
A. Ronkko (Labour Protection District of Lapland, FIN - 94100 Kemi, Finland)
Statistical studies of suicides in Finland from 1920 to 1996 in depending on geliogeophysical activity are under consideration. Statistics relating to commission of suicide by males correlate with Wolf Numbers statistics of solar activity. Eleven year period is clearly distinguished in the suicide statistical data. Features of this correlation are under discussion. The problem of mechanisms of the influence including kosmic rays, weather conditions & electromagnetic disturbances are discussed. It is shown that more then 10% of suicide commission are connected with geliogeophysical disturbances.
Stratospheric warming and ozone in the polar latitudes
A.A. Krasilnikov, Y.Y. Kulikov, V.G. Ryskin (Nizhny Novgorod, Institute of Applied Physics)
Sudden stratospheric warming is describing as the dynamic phenomena in the atmospheric circulation, which has the characteristic like a significant temperature increase (more than on 50C during 10 days) at altitudes above 20 km. The evolution of warming influences particularly greater upon the condition of the middle atmosphere at high latitudes [1,2]. Besides, the warming is accompanying by he growth of the ozone concentration on heights of the mean and upper stratosphere (see, for instance, [3]). In the last decade in studies of ozone layer won general recognition method of ground-based microwave diagnostics of the middle atmosphere. It has of the advantages in comparison with traditional methods of ozone measurements in optical and infrared ranges. The observations of the stratospheric ozone by means of millimeter wave spectrometers allow continuously to mark for O3 behaviour at the heights more than 20 km. With this technique, observations do not depend on sunlight, and may be conducted through moderately thick higher cloud cover, and are not significantly affected by aerosols. At present we have the long rows of the stratospheric ozone microwave data both polar latitudes and middle latitudes. We carried out O3 observations during the stratospheric warming at Isl. Heiss (80N, 58E) February 1989, at Antarctica station Mirni (67N, 93E) October 1989 and in Sweden, Kiruna (68N, 20E) January-February 1995. It will be noted that first two series of the observations were executed during a several months. During warming a concentration of ozone on heights from 20 to 40 km increased in several times in comparison with the undisturbed stratospheric conditions (Isl. Heiss, st.Mirni). The ozone concentrations grew at heights has occurred practically simultaneously. In Kiruna's observations the time delay (2-3 day) of ozone density variations was detected at 25 km level with regard to 40 km level. Analysis of ozone behaviours during sudden stratospheric warming revealed one peculiarity of changing the ozone condition above 20 km at high latitudes in contrast with middle latitudes. Sudden stratospheric warming at polar latitudes seems to be a threshold after that O3 content in atmospheric column above 20 km grow to a considerable extent.
[1] Barnett J.J., K. Labitzke, Planetary waves-Handbook for MAP, v.16, pp. 138-143, 1985.
[2] Whiteway J.A., A.I. Carswell, Rayleigh lidar observation of thermal structure and gravity-wave activity in the high Arctic during a stratospheric warming, J. Atmos. Sci., v. 51, no. 21, pp . 3122-3136, 1994.
[3] Hilsenrath E., Rocket observations of the vertical distribution of ozone in the polar night and during a mid-winter stratospheric warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 7, no. 8, pp. 581-584, 1980.
Auroral and mid-latitude thunderstorm and ionosphere
S.I. Musatenko, V.V. Fastovets, A.A. Sukhyj (Astronomical Observatory Kyiv State University)
Results of processing of auroral thunderstorm's radioemission registered at Khatanga on 13 July 1990 using four radiotelescopes are presented. Duration of the thunderstorm was about seven hours. It successively moved through the radiotelescope beams from North-West to South-East. Spectrum analysis of the radioemission background and thunderstorm bursts is fullfield. The comparison with midlatitude thunderstorms during 1963-1977 years is presented. It is found out that both midlatitude and auroral thunderstorms have typical quasiperiod about 10-15 minutes. In the thunderstorm mature ionosphere excitation take place and sporadic layers Es appear. In auroral latitudes the size of excited area of ionosphere exceeds the size of the thunderstorm area. The frequency of the thunderstorm discharges in latitude 50 grades is 1 discharge per second and in latitude 72 grades is 1 discharge per 3 seconds.
Long-term upper atmospheric subsidence according to analyse of auroral heights observed by Stoermer
L.S. Evlashin (Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia)
A.I. Semenov, N.N. Shefov (Institute of Atmospheric Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia)
C.Stoermer with his colleagues had conducted regular triangular photographic measurements of heights of different auroral forms in southern part of Norway (latitude ~60 N, longtitude ~10 E) from 1910 till 1952. Observed auroral forms have been registered at latitudes of 55-68 N. It has been made 12330 measurements from 1911 till 1944. Statistical analysis of height distributions of measured auroral form had been made and summarized by Stoermer in his book "The polar aurora" (1955). Egeland and Omholt (1966) had made analyses of regular behaviour of auroral heights during winter months and 11-yr solar cycle and published these results in 1966. However, long-term variations have not been analyzed. Calculations show that the altitudinal distribution of the emission rates of auroral forms is defined not only by spectrum of precipitated electrons, but an atmospheric density near 100 km and higher also, depending upon distribution with height of temperature in the middle and upper atmosphere. Data about auroral ray heights in the Earth's shadow published by Stoermer (1955) for period 1917-1943 have been used in this work. On the base of data, obtained by Egeland and Omholt (1966), for the mean behaviours of the auroral heights during year and solar cycle the mean seasonal variations of auroral heights for winter periods taken accounting solar cycle variations for each year have been created. Data published by Stoermer (1955) do not have detailed time scale over the range of each year, but all available data are presented in succession. Therefore, separations of the almost successive groups of measurements for each year have been approximately made on the base of their conformities to the mean above-mentioned seasonal variations. After this procedure the differences between the measured variations of heights and the mean seasonal variations have been determined. The auroral heights reduced for winter solstice conditions and the same solar activity have been obtained by taking account these differences. Significant negative linear trend of mean auroral heights from 1918 till 1944 is -0.9 K/yr for altitude region from 160 to 180 km. Such rate of atmospheric subsidence is in satisfactory agreement with similar mean data for period from 1955 till 1995 (Semenov, 1996; Semenov and Lysenko, 1996) and atmospheric cooling at heights near 100 km from 1923 to 1995 (Semenov and Shefov, 1997).
Egeland A. and Omholt A. (1966). Carl Stoermer's height measurements of aurora // Geofys. Publ. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. V.26. N 6. 30 p.
Stoermer C. (1955). The polar aurora. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Semenov A.I. (1996). Geomagnetism and aeronomy. V.36. N 5. P.90-97.
Semenov A.I. and Lysenko E.V. (1996). Environm.Radioecol.Appl.Ecol. V.2. N 1. P.3-13.
Semenov A.I. and Shefov N.N. (1997). Geomagnetism and aeronomy. V.37. N 3. P.143-147.